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Indigenous Australian Population Was Much Larger than Previously Thought and Decimated After First Fleet's Arrival

Researchers say disease, frontier violence and assimilationist policies drove a depopulation that left Indigenous Australians at about 37% of their precolonial size.

Summary by Phys.org
Australia had a much larger Indigenous population before the arrival of Europeans than previously thought, according to new research. The research also demonstrates much larger population losses resulting from colonization than previously believed, with an estimated 93% of the pre-European population lost in less than 80 years following the 1788 arrival of the First Fleet.

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Science Alert broke the news in Canberra, Australia on Tuesday, September 15, 2026.
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