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Ancient DNA Reveals Plague Was Already Killing Humans 5,500 Years Ago

Ancient DNA from 46 burials found Yersinia pestis in 18 individuals, showing plague was already killing small Siberian communities 5,500 years ago.

Summary by Science Daily
Plague was already a deadly killer 5,500 years ago, long before cities, farming, or the rat-infested conditions usually linked to historic outbreaks. By analyzing ancient DNA from hunter-gatherer cemeteries in Siberia, researchers discovered early plague strains in nearly 40% of the individuals studied and found evidence of rapid family-based outbreaks that wiped out many children and young teenagers.

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Hunter-gatherers who lived on the shores of Russia's Lake Baikal 5,500 years ago are the oldest known victims of a plague epidemic. This is evident from research into burial sites in the region. The discovery changes the scientific view of plague outbreaks. The cause of the epidemic is likely to be found in the marmot, which was hunted.

The authors argue that these outbreaks occurred several centuries before the infections documented so far in neolithic populations, which advances the known chronology of the disease and provides new clues about its origin. The work has been done by a team of researchers from Oxford University, the University of Copenhagen and other international institutions. The results come from the analysis of ancient DNA of 42 individuals buried in four cem…

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Issuesfr broke the news on Friday, June 19, 2026.
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