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The pigment-shifting window that responds to light — and could help slash energy costs
The fluid-based panels could cut heating and lighting energy use in existing buildings, with simulations estimating 75% lower heating demand.
Benjamin Hatton and Raphael Kay at the Hatton Lab in Toronto are developing squid-inspired window panels that dynamically shade in response to sunlight, improving energy efficiency in building retrofits.
Today, buildings consume about one-third of the world's energy, largely through heat loss or gain via glass. Electrochromic windows remain prohibitively expensive, leaving roller shades as the primary alternative: "More or less, that's all we have."
Research simulations from 2023 suggest the fluid-layer system could slash heating energy use by 75 per cent and total operational energy use by 43 per cent. Liquids pumped into glass panes scatter light or control temperature.
Kay envisions a thin sticker-like application for existing windows controlled by artificial intelligence to respond to weather. Currently, Hatton and Kay are testing two-metre-tall prototypes at Harvard to regulate temperature in storey-height windows.
Scaling prototypes remains the primary challenge due to gravitational effects on fluids. Hatton says, "How that ends up technologically, we're still working on," targeting a reliable, inexpensive product for the retrofit market.