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What Happens when Our Bodies Process Ultra-Processed Food?

Just under 60 adults in the study showed higher insulin and longer blood sugar spikes after the ultraprocessed meal, researchers said.

  • A study published in Nature Metabolism on October 5 reports that ultraprocessed foods provoke distinct metabolic and neural responses compared to minimally processed meals, even when nutritional content remains identical.
  • Led by neuroscientist Alex DiFeliceantonio, researchers at Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute rigorously matched meals on 22 characteristics to isolate processing effects, with 32 of 57 recruits completing both metabolic and brain imaging sessions.
  • After consuming ultraprocessed meals, participants displayed higher insulin responses and elevated blood sugar, while brain imaging revealed different activation in reward regions, suggesting "the brain is encoding the value of these foods differently."
  • Participants aged 18 to 21 consumed more calories at breakfast following the ultraprocessed diet, often snacking when not hungry; researchers note this tendency predicts later weight gain in young people.
  • Nutrition epidemiologist Lindsey Smith Taillie of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill says "validation studies are needed" to understand if short-term metabolic changes drive long-term health outcomes associated with ultraprocessed foods.
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What happens when our bodies process ultra-processed food?

Ultraprocessed food prompted the body to release more insulin and expend more energy while burning less carbohydrate for fuel.

·Missoula, United States
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How processed foods affect human metabolism and brain activity. It is possible for two meals to be considered almost identical in terms of calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates, but the body reacts in a completely different way when consumed. That was the question of a study conducted by researchers at Virginia Tech's Fralin Institute for Biomedical Research, according to medicalxpress.com. The researchers wanted to examine whether the way a …

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Science Daily broke the news in Encinitas, United States on Monday, October 5, 2026.
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