Once Enforcers of Unequal Treaties, UK and France Re-engage Beijing 166 Years After the Opium Wars That Defined China’s ‘Century of Humiliation’

Once Enforcers of Unequal Treaties, UK and France Re-engage Beijing 166 Years After the Opium Wars That Defined China’s ‘Century of Humiliation’

For much of modern Chinese political consciousness, history begins not with triumph but with trauma. It began with the Opium Wars of the 19th century, when European imperial powers forced China’s Qing dynasty into a series of humiliating defeats that… The post Once Enforcers of Unequal Treaties, UK and France Re-engage Beijing 166 Years After the Opium Wars That Defined China’s ‘Century of Humiliation’ appeared first on The Asia Live.