New NCERT Social Science Text Replaces European Revolutions with Resistance Movements in Medieval India
The chapter cites resistance by local rulers and communities, including women leaders and Sikh Gurus, and says the book reached students after a prolonged delay.
- On Tuesday, September 29, 2026, the National Council of Educational Research and Training released a new Class 9 Social Science textbook, removing chapters on European revolutions to prioritize India's medieval history and regional resistance movements.
- Reframing the 1000–1700 CE period, the revised edition titled *Understanding Society: India and Beyond- Part Two* characterizes the era as one of "resistance and resilience" against successive invasions by Arab, Turkic, Mughal, and European forces.
- Specific accounts include the 1669 Jat Uprising against Mughal economic exploitation and the martyrdoms of Sikh Gurus Guru Arjan Dev and Guru Tegh Bahadur, identified as turning points that spurred organized resistance.
- Featuring lesser-known figures, the book includes rulers Queen Naiki Devi and Rani Abbakka Chowta, noting that "resistance and resilience are closely linked" throughout history rather than framing the era solely as subjugation.
- Released months into the academic session following parent protests over delayed availability, the textbook's arrival has prompted opposition groups to criticize the curriculum changes as promoting a specific political agenda.
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New NCERT Social Science text replaces European revolutions with resistance movements in medieval India
Content on French, Russian revolutions removed from latest edition of Class 9 textbook; shifts focus to foreign invasions triggered by Indian wealth, and armed resistance by Sikhs, Jats, Rajputs, Ahoms
New NCERT book says Indian kings received swords from goddesses to resist religion-driven invasions
A new class nine social science textbook by NCERT titled 'Understanding Society: India and Beyond-Part 2' delves into India's historical experience with warfare. It emphasizes the cultural worship of deities like Kali and Durga for protection during conflicts, documents invasions from the seventh century, and highlights the valor of Indian rulers against foreign aggressors. This resource aims to enhance analytical thinking and foster intercultur…
Mughal brutality against Sikh Gurus has few comparisons in history, deeply rooted in rigid religious and discriminatory practices: NCERT
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NCERT has made major changes to the new Class 9 Social Science textbook. Now, Class 9 students will study the history of the valor of Chalukya queen Nayaki Devi, who defeated Muhammad Ghori, and the resistance against foreign invaders from 1000–1700 AD. Meanwhile, 'India and the World Part 1' will now be taught directly in Class 10 instead of Class 9. Learn the full details of these major changes to the syllabus.
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