"The integration effect is unclear." This was the assessment of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (HD), which was established 20 years ago today. The criticism was that synergistic effects were unlikely between Hankyu HD and Hanshin Electric Railway, whose lines run parallel to each other across the JR Tokaido Line, connecting Osaka's Umeda and Kobe's Sannomiya. ▼ Rather, the line towards Kobe…
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"The integration effect is unclear." This was the assessment of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (HD), which was established 20 years ago today. The criticism was that synergistic effects were unlikely between Hankyu HD and Hanshin Electric Railway, whose lines run parallel to each other across the JR Tokaido Line, connecting Osaka's Umeda and Kobe's Sannomiya. ▼ Rather, the line towards Kobe…