Climate Change Might Slow Intellectual Development, Experts Warn
A study of nearly 20,000 children across six countries found heat above 86°F lowers literacy and numeracy milestone attainment by 5–6.7%, with greater impact on disadvantaged children.
- Using MICS data from 2017–2020, the study led by Jorge Cuartas found exposure above 86 °F lowered odds of literacy and numeracy milestones among 19,607 three- and four-year-olds.
- Researchers say heat undermines development via physiological mechanisms like dehydration, inflammation, stress-hormone activation, and behavioral pathways reducing outdoor play and caregiver engagement in young children aged three and four.
- The analysis found a distinct 32°C threshold where children scored 2-8 percentage points lower on assessments, while urban children faced a 22-27 percentage point penalty linked to the urban heat island effect.
- Poorer and water-insecure families faced the largest impacts, and the study found effects strongest among economically disadvantaged households, those lacking clean water, and urban families, prompting calls for cooling infrastructure, clean water, and basic services.
- Because the study is cross-sectional, it used monthly-average temperature measures and could not track migration, so authors urge longitudinal research to assess lasting impacts and protective factors.
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24 Articles
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